Pneumatosis intestinalis and active cytomegaloviral infection after lung transplantation.

Pneumatosis intestinalis occurred in a patient with a primary cytomegaloviral (CMV) infection with pneumonitis 6 weeks after single lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension. The possible causal relationship between pneumatosis intestinalis, an uncommon disorder with an obscure pathogenesis, and active CMV infection has been observed before; however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this combination after lung transplantation. The patient had no abdominal complaints, and after treatment of the CMV infection, the pneumatosis intestinalis resolved spontaneously. The early diagnosis of active CMV infection and the prevention of unnecessary abdominal surgery were essential in this case.